Glycolic acid is one of a group of acids known as Alpha Hydroxy Acids or AHAs. These acids are found in milk, sugar cane and fruit. The glycolic acid has a smaller molecular structure and is better able to penetrate the deeper layers of skin. It is also one of the most common and has the reputation of being one of the safest forms of AHAs on the market. While glycolic acid naturally derives from sugar cane, much of what is sold on the market today is manufactured in the lab.
Glycolic acid is a natural exfoliant, helping to remove the outer layer of dead skin and, over time, improves the appearance of your skin. It can lighten discolorations, help with acne prone skin and give you a more youthful appearance within just a few weeks.
Products using glycolic acid come in a variety of different strengths. Anything below 4% is good for hydrating your skin. Concentrations between 5 and 7 percent will help to exfoliate the skin and higher concentrations will show some improvements in the texture of the skin. However, like most things, more is not always better. You should not use products with concentrations above 15% or mix products to get a concentration above 15%. This will cause a burn which may mimic a chemical peel but will not net you the same results.
References:
(1) International Journal of Dermatology: Biweekly serial glycolic acid peels vs long-term aily use of topical low strength glycolic acid in the treatment of atrophic acne scars
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11095203
(2) Dermatologic Surgeons: Photoprotective and antiinflammatory effects of topical glycolic acid
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8634805
Resources:
Dermotology Clinics: The Use of Glycolic Acid as a peeling agent
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7600706
EverydayHealth: Glycolic Acid at Home
http://www.everydayhealth.com/skin-and-beauty/glycolic-acid-peels.aspx
Park Avenue Dermatology: Glycolic Acid Facial Peels
http://www.parkavederm.com/parkavederm_glycolic_acid_facial_peels.htm
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