Individuals who experience sacroiliac joint problems may suffer from SI joint dysfunction, SI joint syndrome, SI joint strain and SI joint inflammation. While they may appear to name almost the exact same condition, there are minor variations that point to a variety of causes for SI joint pain.
The SI joint allows our body some twisting motion when we use our legs. Without these small motions the pelvis would be at a greater risk for fracture. Most of the time injuries or dysfunction are related to either a hypo mobility or hypermobility of this joint. In other words the joint moves too much or not enough.
The causes of this pain can be split into four different categories. SI Joint dysfunction can be caused from trauma, biomechanical forces, hormonal imbalances and inflammatory joint disease. A traumatic injury is caused when there is a sudden impact such as when landing suddenly on the buttocks. Biomechanical dysfunction usually occurs over a long period of time and is due to increased activity or a change in occupation or sports. It can be brought on by leg length discrepancy, over pronation or muscle imbalances. (2)
Women are more prone to having SI Joint dysfunction during pregnancy because of the hormonal changes which increase the laxity in the pelvis region and therefore creating hyper mobile joints. Combining with an increased weight load in the abdomen there can also be mechanical changes. Inflammatory joint diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis can also cause hypo mobility to the SI joints and therefore lead to SI Joint dysfunction.
References:
(1) The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy: Evidence-Based Diagnosis and Treatment of the Painful Sacroiliac Joint
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2582420/
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