Body Dysmorphic Disorder – Part 3

Researchers have been unable to pinpoint exact causes and, like other mental diseases, it is believed to result from a combination of things, including biochemical changes in neurotransmitters, genetics and life experiences. Children and young adults who have biological relatives with body dysmorphic disorder, who have experienced physical or sexual abuse, have low self-esteem societal pressure or expectations of beauty are at higher risk of developing body dysmorphic disorder.

To be diagnosed individuals must meet criteria spelled out in the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) published by the American Psychiatric Association. These criteria include extreme preoccupation with an imagined defect or minor flaw that causes significant distress or impairment at school, work, social or other areas of functioning.

Treatment can be difficult, especially when the individual is unwilling or inactive in their care. However, when treatment is effective for the underlying causes it can be very successful. Psychiatrists and psychologists work together on psychotherapy and medications so that individuals can learn about their condition and identify feelings, thoughts and behaviors to stop automatic negative thoughts and see themselves in a more realistic way.

There is no single medication specifically approved to treat body dysmorphic disorders but those used for depression can also be helpful, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. These medications help control obsession and repetitive behavior.

In most cases body dysmorphic disorder will not get better when treated at home. There are some things that individuals can do at home to help increase the chances that their treatment protocols will be successful. Do not skip any therapy sessions and stick with your treatment plan. Take all medications as directed and learn as much as possible about the condition itself. Discuss the warning signs with your physician so that you can identify when things are changing. Be sure to include physical activity in your daily regimen and avoid using drugs and alcohol which can worsen mental illness symptoms or interact with the medications you are taking.

Resources:

MayoClinic: Body Dysmorphic Disorder

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/body-dysmorphic-disorder/DS00559

Anxiety and Depression Association of America: Body Dysmorphic Disorder

http://www.adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/related-illnesses/other-related-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd

World Psychiatry: Body Dysmorphic Disorder

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414653/

Kids Health: Body Dysmorphic Disorder

http://kidshealth.org/parent/emotions/feelings/bdd.html